国立アメリカ歴史博物館のインスタグラム(amhistorymuseum) - 8月2日 00時13分

On August 1, 1790, the first U.S. census began. After it was completed, many Americans purchased creamware pitchers like the one above (ironically, made by British manufacturers) to commemorate the occasion. ?? When the U.S. Constitution was ratified in 1788, the federal government was charged with completing an "Enumeration"—or census—of the nation's populace. The results of the 1790 census (as well as every subsequent census, conducted every 10 years) would determine how many seats would be allocated to each state in the House of Representatives, as well as how certain taxes would be apportioned. ?
But what should the census ask? Some in Congress suggested that those administering the census—U.S. district marshals and their assistants—should ask Americans about their jobs and professions. Others felt that such questions would make it harder for officials' to complete their work. Samuel Livermore, a member of the House of Representatives from New Hampshire, argued that additional questions could give Americans the impression that the government was being "too particular, in order to learn their ability to bear the burden of. . .taxes." With the specter of taxes looming, Livermore warned, Americans might "refuse to give the officer such a particular account as the law requires." ?
Congress eventually settled on a final structure for the first census. In 1790, the census recorded 3.9 million inhabitants in these categories: heads of families, free white males 16 and older, free white males younger than 16, free white females, all other free persons (by sex and color), and slaves. Of the 3.9 million people counted, about half were of English origin, one-fifth were of African descent, and most of the rest were from western and northern Europe. Most American Indians were not counted.
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